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#! /usr/bin/perl # gpinyin - European-like Chinese writing 'pinyin' into 'groff' # Source file position: <groff-source>/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl # Installed position: <prefix>/bin/gpinyin # Copyright (C) 2014-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # Written by Bernd Warken <groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de>. # This file is part of 'gpinyin', which is part of 'groff'. # 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in the internet # at <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html>. ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # All Pinyin syllables from wikipedia ######################################################################## my %syllables = ( 'a' => 1, 'ai' => 1, 'an' => 1, 'ang' => 1, 'ao' => 1, 'ba' => 1, 'bai' => 1, 'ban' => 1, 'bang' => 1, 'bao' => 1, 'bei' => 1, 'ben' => 1, 'beng' => 1, 'bi' => 1, 'bian' => 1, 'biao' => 1, 'bie' => 1, 'bin' => 1, 'bing' => 1, 'bo' => 1, 'bu' => 1, 'ca' => 1, 'cai' => 1, 'can' => 1, 'cang' => 1, 'cao' => 1, 'ce' => 1, 'cen' => 1, 'ceng' => 1, 'cha' => 1, 'chai' => 1, 'chan' => 1, 'chang' => 1, 'chao' => 1, 'che' => 1, 'chen' => 1, 'cheng' => 1, 'chi' => 1, 'chong' => 1, 'chou' => 1, 'chu' => 1, 'chua' => 1, 'chuai' => 1, 'chuan' => 1, 'chuang' => 1, 'chui' => 1, 'chun' => 1, 'chuo' => 1, 'ci' => 1, 'cong' => 1, 'cou' => 1, 'cu' => 1, 'cuan' => 1, 'cui' => 1, 'cun' => 1, 'cuo' => 1, 'da' => 1, 'dai' => 1, 'dan' => 1, 'dang' => 1, 'dao' => 1, 'de' => 1, 'dei' => 1, 'den' => 1, 'deng' => 1, 'di' => 1, 'dian' => 1, 'diao' => 1, 'die' => 1, 'ding' => 1, 'diu' => 1, 'dong' => 1, 'dou' => 1, 'du' => 1, 'duan' => 1, 'dui' => 1, 'dun' => 1, 'duo' => 1, 'e' => 1, 'ei' => 1, 'en' => 1, 'eng' => 1, 'er' => 1, 'fa' => 1, 'fan' => 1, 'fang' => 1, 'fei' => 1, 'fen' => 1, 'feng' => 1, 'fiao' => 1, 'fo' => 1, 'fou' => 1, 'fu' => 1, 'ga' => 1, 'gai' => 1, 'gan' => 1, 'gang' => 1, 'gao' => 1, 'ge' => 1, 'gei' => 1, 'gen' => 1, 'geng' => 1, 'gong' => 1, 'gou' => 1, 'gu' => 1, 'gua' => 1, 'guai' => 1, 'guan' => 1, 'guang' => 1, 'gui' => 1, 'gun' => 1, 'guo' => 1, 'ha' => 1, 'hai' => 1, 'han' => 1, 'hang' => 1, 'hao' => 1, 'he' => 1, 'hei' => 1, 'hen' => 1, 'heng' => 1, 'hong' => 1, 'hou' => 1, 'hu' => 1, 'hua' => 1, 'huai' => 1, 'huan' => 1, 'huang' => 1, 'hui' => 1, 'hun' => 1, 'huo' => 1, 'ji' => 1, 'jia' => 1, 'jian' => 1, 'jiang' => 1, 'jiao' => 1, 'jie' => 1, 'jin' => 1, 'jing' => 1, 'jiong' => 1, 'jiu' => 1, 'ju' => 1, 'juan' => 1, 'jue' => 1, 'jun' => 1, 'ka' => 1, 'kai' => 1, 'kan' => 1, 'kang' => 1, 'kao' => 1, 'ke' => 1, 'kei' => 1, 'ken' => 1, 'keng' => 1, 'kong' => 1, 'kou' => 1, 'ku' => 1, 'kua' => 1, 'kuai' => 1, 'kuan' => 1, 'kuang' => 1, 'kui' => 1, 'kun' => 1, 'kuo' => 1, 'la' => 1, 'lai' => 1, 'lan' => 1, 'lang' => 1, 'lao' => 1, 'le' => 1, 'lei' => 1, 'leng' => 1, 'li' => 1, 'lia' => 1, 'lian' => 1, 'liang' => 1, 'liao' => 1, 'lie' => 1, 'lin' => 1, 'ling' => 1, 'liu' => 1, 'lo' => 1, 'long' => 1, 'lou' => 1, 'lu' => 1, 'luan' => 1, 'lun' => 1, 'luo' => 1, 'lü' => 1, 'lüe' => 1, 'ma' => 1, 'mai' => 1, 'man' => 1, 'mang' => 1, 'mao' => 1, 'me' => 1, 'mei' => 1, 'men' => 1, 'meng' => 1, 'mi' => 1, 'mian' => 1, 'miao' => 1, 'mie' => 1, 'min' => 1, 'ming' => 1, 'miu' => 1, 'mo' => 1, 'mou' => 1, 'mu' => 1, 'na' => 1, 'nai' => 1, 'nan' => 1, 'nang' => 1, 'nao' => 1, 'ne' => 1, 'nei' => 1, 'nen' => 1, 'neng' => 1, 'ni' => 1, 'nian' => 1, 'niang' => 1, 'niao' => 1, 'nie' => 1, 'nin' => 1, 'ning' => 1, 'niu' => 1, 'nong' => 1, 'nou' => 1, 'nu' => 1, 'nuan' => 1, 'nun' => 1, 'nuo' => 1, 'nü' => 1, 'nüe' => 1, 'o' => 1, 'ong' => 1, 'ou' => 1, 'pa' => 1, 'pai' => 1, 'pan' => 1, 'pang' => 1, 'pao' => 1, 'pei' => 1, 'pen' => 1, 'peng' => 1, 'pi' => 1, 'pian' => 1, 'piao' => 1, 'pie' => 1, 'pin' => 1, 'ping' => 1, 'po' => 1, 'pou' => 1, 'pu' => 1, 'qi' => 1, 'qia' => 1, 'qian' => 1, 'qiang' => 1, 'qiao' => 1, 'qie' => 1, 'qin' => 1, 'qing' => 1, 'qiong' => 1, 'qiu' => 1, 'qu' => 1, 'quan' => 1, 'que' => 1, 'qun' => 1, 'ran' => 1, 'rang' => 1, 'rao' => 1, 're' => 1, 'ren' => 1, 'ri' => 1, 'rong' => 1, 'rou' => 1, 'ru' => 1, 'ruan' => 1, 'rui' => 1, 'run' => 1, 'ruo' => 1, 'sa' => 1, 'sai' => 1, 'san' => 1, 'sang' => 1, 'sao' => 1, 'se' => 1, 'sen' => 1, 'seng' => 1, 'sha' => 1, 'shai' => 1, 'shan' => 1, 'shang' => 1, 'shao' => 1, 'she' => 1, 'shei' => 1, 'shen' => 1, 'sheng' => 1, 'shi' => 1, 'shou' => 1, 'shu' => 1, 'shua' => 1, 'shuai' => 1, 'shuan' => 1, 'shuang' => 1, 'shui' => 1, 'shun' => 1, 'shuo' => 1, 'si' => 1, 'song' => 1, 'sou' => 1, 'su' => 1, 'suan' => 1, 'sui' => 1, 'sun' => 1, 'suo' => 1, 'ta' => 1, 'tai' => 1, 'tan' => 1, 'tang' => 1, 'tao' => 1, 'te' => 1, 'teng' => 1, 'ti' => 1, 'tian' => 1, 'tiao' => 1, 'tie' => 1, 'ting' => 1, 'tong' => 1, 'tou' => 1, 'tu' => 1, 'tuan' => 1, 'tui' => 1, 'tun' => 1, 'tuo' => 1, 'wa' => 1, 'wai' => 1, 'wan' => 1, 'wang' => 1, 'wei' => 1, 'wen' => 1, 'weng' => 1, 'wo' => 1, 'wu' => 1, 'xi' => 1, 'xia' => 1, 'xian' => 1, 'xiang' => 1, 'xiao' => 1, 'xie' => 1, 'xin' => 1, 'xing' => 1, 'xiong' => 1, 'xiu' => 1, 'xu' => 1, 'xuan' => 1, 'xue' => 1, 'xun' => 1, 'ya' => 1, 'yai' => 1, 'yan' => 1, 'yang' => 1, 'yao' => 1, 'ye' => 1, 'yi' => 1, 'yin' => 1, 'ying' => 1, 'yo' => 1, 'yong' => 1, 'you' => 1, 'yu' => 1, 'yuan' => 1, 'yue' => 1, 'yun' => 1, 'za' => 1, 'zai' => 1, 'zan' => 1, 'zang' => 1, 'zao' => 1, 'ze' => 1, 'zei' => 1, 'zen' => 1, 'zeng' => 1, 'zha' => 1, 'zhai' => 1, 'zhan' => 1, 'zhang' => 1, 'zhao' => 1, 'zhe' => 1, 'zhei' => 1, 'zhen' => 1, 'zheng' => 1, 'zhi' => 1, 'zhong' => 1, 'zhou' => 1, 'zhu' => 1, 'zhua' => 1, 'zhuai' => 1, 'zhuan' => 1, 'zhuang' => 1, 'zhui' => 1, 'zhun' => 1, 'zhuo' => 1, 'zi' => 1, 'zong' => 1, 'zou' => 1, 'zu' => 1, 'zuan' => 1, 'zui' => 1, 'zun' => 1, 'zuo' => 1, ); ######################################################################## # Unicode variables for utf8 tty (nroff) ######################################################################## my %tones1_Unicode = ( 'A' => q(\\[u0100]), 'E' => q(\\[u0112]), 'I' => q(\\[u012A]), 'O' => q(\\[u014C]), 'U' => q(\\[u016A]), 'Ü' => q(\\[u016A]), 'a' => q(\\[u0101]), 'e' => q(\\[u0113]), 'i' => q(\\[u012B]), 'o' => q(\\[u014D]), 'u' => q(\\[u016B]), 'ü' => q(\\[u01D6]), ); my %tones2_Unicode = ( 'A' => q(\\[u00C1]), 'E' => q(\\[u00C9]), 'I' => q(\\[u00CD]), 'O' => q(\\[u00D3]), 'U' => q(\\[u00DA]), 'Ü' => q(\\[u01D7]), 'a' => q(\\[u00E1]), 'e' => q(\\[u00E9]), 'i' => q(\\[u00ED]), 'o' => q(\\[u00F3]), 'u' => q(\\[u00FA]), 'ü' => q(\\[u01D8]), ); my %tones3_Unicode = ( 'A' => q(\\[u01CD]), 'E' => q(\\[u011A]), 'I' => q(\\[u01CF]), 'O' => q(\\[u01D1]), 'U' => q(\\[u01D3]), 'Ü' => q(\\[u01D9]), 'a' => q(\\[u01CE]), 'e' => q(\\[u011B]), 'i' => q(\\[u01D0]), 'o' => q(\\[u01D2]), 'u' => q(\\[u01D4]), 'ü' => q(\\[u01DA]), ); my %tones4_Unicode = ( 'A' => q(\\[u00C0]), 'E' => q(\\[u00C8]), 'I' => q(\\[u00CC]), 'O' => q(\\[u00D2]), 'U' => q(\\[u00D9]), 'Ü' => q(\\[u01DB]), 'a' => q(\\[u00E0]), 'e' => q(\\[u00E8]), 'i' => q(\\[u00EC]), 'o' => q(\\[u00F2]), 'u' => q(\\[u00F9]), 'ü' => q(\\[u01DC]), ); ######################################################################## # glyph variables for troff ######################################################################## #my $tone1_macron = '\\[a-]'; #my $tone2_acute = '\\[aa]'; #my $tone3_caron = '\\[ah]'; #my $tone4_grave = '\\[ga]'; my @accents = ( '', '\\[a-]', '\\[aa]', '\\[ah]', '\\[ga]', ); my %tones2_glyphs = ( 'A' => q(\\['A]), 'E' => q(\\['E]), 'I' => q(\\['I]), 'O' => q(\\['O]), 'U' => q(\\['U]), 'a' => q(\\['a]), 'e' => q(\\['e]), 'i' => q(\\['i]), 'o' => q(\\['o]), 'u' => q(\\['u]), ); my %tones4_glyphs = ( 'A' => q(\\[`A]), 'E' => q(\\[`E]), 'I' => q(\\[`I]), 'O' => q(\\[`O]), 'U' => q(\\[`U]), 'a' => q(\\[`a]), 'e' => q(\\[`e]), 'i' => q(\\[`i]), 'o' => q(\\[`o]), 'u' => q(\\[`u]), ); ######################################################################## # subs ######################################################################## # Pinyin consists of syllables with a final number to be translated # into an accent. Such numbered syllables are combined into words. # Such words can have a final punctuation. A line is a collection of # such words. my @roffs = ( 'n', 't', ); ######################################################################## sub err { my $s = shift; print STDERR $s; 1; } # err() ######################################################################## sub handle_line { my $starting_blanks = shift; my $line = shift; #&err('handle_line start: ' . $line); my %outline = ( 'n' => $starting_blanks, 't' => $starting_blanks, ); # transform to Ü only for inside of Perl $line =~ s/\\ \(:U /Ü/gx; $line =~ s/\\ \[:U\] /Ü/gx; # handle_line() # transform to ü only for inside of Perl $line =~ s/\\ \(:u /ü/gx; $line =~ s/\\ \[:u\] /ü/gx; $line =~ s/U[eE]/Ü/g; $line =~ s/u[eE]/ü/g; $line =~ s/\\\(aq/'/g; # \(aq is an apostrophe $line =~ s/\\\[aq\]/'/g; # \[aq] is an apostrophe $line =~ s/^[']//; # remove leading apostrophe $line =~ s/[']$//; # remove final apostrophe $line =~ s/['][']+/'/g; # combine apostrophe groups $line =~ s/([0-4])'/$1/; $line =~ s/([^0-4])'/${1}0/; my @words = split /\s+/, $line; # handle_line() for my $word ( @words ) { #&err('handle_line word: ' . $word); next unless ( $word ); # this is a word, maybe composed of several syllables my $punctuation = $1 if ( $word =~ s/([,.?!:;]*)$// ); # '$word' is now without punctuation my %outword = &handle_word($word); next unless ( %outword ); for my $roff ( @roffs ) { #&err('handle_line roff ' . $roff . ': ' . $outword{$roff}); # combine words to line next unless ( $outword{$roff} ); # non-initial space $outline{$roff} .= ' ' if ( $outline{$roff} ); $outline{$roff} .= $outword{$roff}; $outline{$roff} .= $punctuation; } } #for my $roff ( @roffs ) { #&err('handle_line end ' . $roff . ': ' . $outline{$roff}); #} return %outline; } # handle_line() ######################################################################## sub handle_word { my $word = shift; #&err('handle_word start: ' . $word); $word =~ s/5/0/g; # transform 5 to 0 $word =~ s/([^0-4])$/${1}0/; # add lacking final no-tone # remove apostrophes with tone $word =~ s/ ([0-4]) ['] /$1/gx; # replace apostrophes without tone by 0 $word =~ s/ ([^0-4]) ['] /${1}0/gx; # handle_word() # detect wrong tone numbers if ( $word =~ s/[5-9]/0/g ) { &err('word ' . $word . ': wrong tone number ' . $1); return {}; } $word =~ s/[']//g; # remove apostrophes # remove starting apostrophe or number $word =~ s/^(['0-4])+//; # add 0 for final no-tone $word .= '0' if ( $word =~ /[^0-4]$/ ); if ( $word =~ /^[0-9]/ ) { # word starts with number print 'word: ' . $word . ' starts with tone number'; $word =~ s/^[0-9]+//; } #&err('handle_word 0: ' . $word); # handle_word() my %outword = ( 'n' => '', 't' => '', ); # split word into syllables while ( $word =~ /^[a-zA-ZüÜ']/ ) { $word =~ s/^([a-zA-ZüÜ']+)([0-4])//; my $syll = $1; my $tone = $2; #err('handle_word split: ' . $syll . ' ' . $tone); my %outsyll = &handle_syll( $syll, $tone ); next unless ( %outsyll ); for my $roff ( @roffs ) { my $out = $outsyll{$roff}; $out = '\\[aq]' . $out if ( $out && $out =~ /^[aeo]/ ); $outword{$roff} .= $out; #&err('handle_word ' . $roff . ': ' . $outword{$roff}); } } return %outword; } # handle_word() ######################################################################## sub handle_syll { my $syll = shift; my $tone = shift; #&err( 'handle_syll start: ' . $syll . ' ' . $tone); my $lower_case = lc($syll); $lower_case =~ s/Ü/ü/g; unless ( exists($syllables{$lower_case}) ) { err('The syllable ' . $syll . ' is not a Chinese syllable.'); return {}; } my %outsyll = ( 'n' => '', 't' => '', ); if ( $tone == 0 ) { # no accent # use u umlaut without accent $syll =~ s/Ü/\\[:U]/g; $syll =~ s/ü/\\[:u]/g; for my $roff ( @roffs ) { $outsyll{$roff} = $syll; #&err('handle_syll 0 outsyll ' . $roff . ': ' . $outsyll{$roff}); } return %outsyll; } # end of tone 0 # handle_syll() # split syllable $syll =~ /^ ([a-zA-Z]*) ([aeiouAEIOUüÜ]+) ([a-zA-Z]*) $/x; my $initial = $1; my $vowels = $2; my $final = $3; unless ( $vowels ) { &err( 'Syllable ' . $syll . ' does not have vowels' ); return {}; } # split vowels my $vowels_before = ''; my $vowel = ''; my $vowels_after = ''; # handle_syll() # find vowel for accent if ( $vowels =~ /^[aeiouAEIOU]$/ ) { # only 1 vowel #&err('handle_syll single vowel ' . $vowels); $vowel = $vowels; } elsif ( $vowels eq 'ü' ) { $vowel = $vowels; } elsif ( $vowels eq 'Ü' ) { $vowel = $vowels; } elsif ( $vowels =~ /^([^aeAE]*)([aeAE])(.*)$/ ) { # a, A, e or E $vowels_before = $1; $vowel = $2; $vowels_after = $3; } elsif ( $vowels =~ /^([^oO]*)(oO)(.*)$/ ) { # o or O $vowels_before = $1; $vowel = $2; $vowels_after = $3; } elsif ( $vowels =~ /^(\w)(\w)(.*)$/ ) { # take 2nd vowel $vowels_before = $1; $vowel = $2; $vowels_after = $3; } else { &err( 'Unknown vowels: ' . $vowels . ' in syllable: ' . $syll ); return {}; } # unless ( $vowel =~ /^[aeiouAEIOU]$/ ) { # print STDERR q(The argument ') . $vowel . q(' is not a vowel!); # return {}; # } # handle_syll() $outsyll{'n'} = &vowel_n($vowel, $tone); $outsyll{'t'} = &vowel_t($vowel, $tone); for my $roff ( @roffs ) { $outsyll{$roff} = $initial . $vowels_before . $outsyll{$roff} . $vowels_after . $final; #&err('handle_syll out ' . $roff . ': ' . $outsyll{$roff}); } return %outsyll; } # handle_syll() ######################################################################## sub vowel_n { # Unicode for nroff my $vowel = shift; my $tone = shift; #&err('vowel_n: ' . $vowel . ' ' . $tone); return '' unless ( $vowel ); if ( $tone == 1 ) { # macron $vowel = $tones1_Unicode{$vowel}; } elsif ( $tone == 2 ) { # acute $vowel = $tones2_Unicode{$vowel}; } elsif ( $tone == 3 ) { # caron $vowel = $tones3_Unicode{$vowel}; } elsif ( $tone == 4 ) { # grave $vowel = $tones4_Unicode{$vowel}; } return $vowel; } # vowel_nr() ######################################################################## sub vowel_t { # named glyphs for troff my $vowel = shift; my $tone = shift; #&err( 'vowel_t: ' . $vowel . ' ' . $tone); return '' unless ( $vowel ); # \o'\s-2\[:u]\s0\[a-]' if ( $vowel =~ /[üÜ]/ ) { my $smaller = 2; $vowel = q(\\o'\\s-) . $smaller . q(\\[:u]\\s0) . $accents[$tone] . q('); return $vowel; } $vowel = q(\\[.i]) if ( $vowel eq 'i' ); if ( $tone == 1 ) { # macron $vowel = q(\\o') . $vowel . $accents[$tone] . q('); } elsif ( $tone == 2 ) { # acute $vowel = $tones2_glyphs{$vowel}; } elsif ( $tone == 3 ) { # caron $vowel = q(\\o') . $vowel . $accents[$tone] . q('); } elsif ( $tone == 4 ) { # grave $vowel = $tones4_glyphs{$vowel}; } return $vowel; } # vowel_t() ######################################################################## sub finish_pinyin_mode { #&err( 'finish' ); my $n = shift; my $t = shift; push @$n, '\\}'; push @$t, '\\}'; for ( @$n ) { # Unicode for nroff print; } for ( @$t ) { # glyphs for troff print; } 1; } # finish_pinyin_mode() 1; ######################################################################## ### Emacs settings # Local Variables: # mode: CPerl # End:
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